Do You Know India ? Important Details for SSC, NDA, CDS, Railway, DSSSB, Civil Services, General Competitions about India. सभी प्रतियोगी और सभी परीक्षाओं के लिए बहुत जरूरी। जरूर पढ़ें और सफल हों। Must for all students . GK for All .

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India Our Motherland

India lies in Northern and Eastern Hemisphere in continent of Asia. India lies in South Asia.India is 5 th largest  economy and by 2027 it is expected to become 3rd largest economy of the world  . Among all major economies India's growth rate is highest but India is still a developing economy and as per Government of India by 2047 India will be a developed economy. India is a mixed economy where there is coexistence of Public and Private Sector. 

India is a country with unity in diversity. There are nearly all religions in India. Hinduism,Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, Jainism ,Buddhism, Zorasterianism ,Judaism and many tribal religions are found in India. Hundreds of languages are spoken throughout India. Our Indian Constitution has recognised 22 major languages which are in 8th Schedule of Constitution. There are many cultures in India.

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Geographically India can be divided in 1. Northern Mountains (Karakoram, Laddakh ,Zaskar , The Himalayan ranges ) 2. North Indian Plains 3.  Deserts (Hot Desert of Thar in Rajasthan and Cold desert of Laddakh )4. The Peninsular Plateau of South India  5. Coastal Plains (Eastern coastal Plains & Western coastal Plains ) 6. Islands ( Andaman and Nicobar Islands & Lakshadweep Islands )

The extent of India in East ,West, North and South are as follows :

1. Eastern most point - Kibithu ,Anjaw district,Walong,(Arunachal Pradesh)
2. Western most point -Guhar Moti (Gujarat) Some regard Sir Creek (Gujarat)
3.Northern most point -Indira col (Jammu & Kashmir), Karakoram Range ,Trijunction of India , Pakistan and China.
4. Southernmost Point - Indira Point , Great Nicobar (Andaman and Nicobar islands)
5. Southern most point of Mainland India -
  Kanyakumari or Capecomorin (Tamil nadu)
6.Area of India - 32 lakhs 87 thousand 263 sq. km.(Seventh largest country in the world, 2.4 % of the area of the world.)
7.North to South Distance - 3214 km.
8. East to West distance - 2933 km.
9. Land Frontier - 15200 km.
10. Sea coast line - 7516 km.
11.Population - 1.21 billion (2011 census), second rank in the world in population.Nearly 17 % of the population of the World.Every 6th person of the world is an Indian.Every year we add population equivalent to Australia. Census in 2021 couldn't be held due to Corona. Now India is number 1 in population followed by China. India has about 140 crores population in 2024.
12. Location between 8 degree 4 minutes North Latitude to 37 degree 6 minutes North Latitude & from 68 degree 7 minutes East Longitude to 97 degree 25 minutes East Longitude.The Tropic of Cancer ( 23 and half North latitude) almost divides the country in two equal parts . Udaipur city of Tripura is closest to Tropic of Cancer.
13. Tropic of Cancer crosses through 8 Indian States namely Gujarat , Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Jharkhand,West Bengal, Tripura & Mizoram.
14. Indian Standard Time is measured through 82 and half degree longitude .It passes through middle of India. It crosses through 5 Indian States namely Uttar Pradesh,Madhya pradesh, Chattisgarh, Odisha and Andhra Pradesh.This line crosses from Allahabad, Mirzapur,Naini (Uttar Pradesh). Indian Standard Time is 5 and half hours ahead of International Standard Time (0 degree longitude, Greenwich Mean Time, London, United Kingdom).
15. India is surrounded by Pakistan , Afghanistan, Arabian sea in the West; Bangladesh, Myanmar,Bay of Bengal in the East;The Himalayan range,Tibet (China),Nepal and Bhutan in the North; Sri Lanka and Indian Ocean in the South.

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16. India has 28 states and 8 union territories.

Following countries share borders with Indian States and Union Territories:

Bangladesh - Assam , Meghalaya, Mizoram, Tripura, West Bengal ( India shares longest boundary of 4096 km with Bangladesh)

China - Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir,Laddakh, Sikkim and Uttarakhand. (India shares 2nd longest border of 3917 km with China)

Pakistan - Gujarat,Jammu and Kashmir,Laddakh,Punjab and Rajasthan (India shares 3rd longest boundary with Pakistan of 3310 Km)

Nepal - Bihar,Sikkim, Uttarakhand, Uttarpradesh,West Bengal (India shares 4th longest boundary of 1752 km with Nepal)

Myanmar - Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Mizoram and Nagaland (India shares 5th longest boundary of 1458 km with Mynamar)

Bhutan - Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Sikkim and West Bengal (India shares 6th longest boundary of 587 km with Bhutan)

Afghanistan - Jammu and Kashmir (India shares 80 km border with Pakistan Occupied Kashmir region of our Jammu and Kashmir. It is our 7th longest boundary)

17. The largest state in area is Rajasthan and in population is Uttarpradesh.

18. The smallest state in area is Goa and in population is Sikkim.

19. Large cities of India are Mumbai, Delhi,Kolkata, Chennai, Bengaluru , Hyderabad, Ahmedabad, Pune etc. The capital of India is New Delhi.

20. Hindi in Devnagari script is official language of India as per Article 343 of Indian Constitution. We have no national language.

21. India is a parliamentary democracy . Indian constitution is largest written constitution of the world.

22. Our National anthem is Jan Gan Man which was composed by Rabindranath Tagore. Our National Song is Bande Matram composed by Bankim chandra Chaterjee in his book Annand Math. Our National anthem and National song was accepted by our constituent assembly on 24 January 1950. Our National anthem was sung for the first time in 1911 annual session of Indian National Congress in Kolkata. Our National Song was first time sung in 1896 annual session of Indian National Congress held in Kolkata.

23. Our Flag is Tri Coloured which was approved by our constituent assembly on 22 July 1947.

24. India became independent on 15th August 1947 . Indian constitution was completed on 26 November 1949. India became a republic on 26 January 1950 when Indian constitution was implemented. 26th November is celebrated as Constitution Day ; 26th January is celebrated as Republic Day ; 15th August is celebrated as Independence Day.

25. Satyamev Jayate has been borrowed from Mundaka Upanishad.

26. Our National Emblem has been borrowed from Sarnath Lion pillor of Ashoka , the great Mauryan Emperor. Our National Emblem was adopted on 26th January 1950.

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27. National Bird - Peacock

28. National Animal - Tiger

29. National Flower - Lotus

30. National tree - Banyan 

31. National Game - None (Officially India has no National Game . Generally Hockey and Kabaddi are regarded as National Sports due to huge successes in the past but India has no National Game)

32. Our National calendar is based on Saka Era established by Kanishka, a famous Kushan ruler in 78 AD. His capital was purushpur that is modern peshawar in Pakistan. Kushan has same importance in spreading Mahayan Buddhism in Central Asia as Ashoka , great Mauryan ruler had a role in spreading Hinyan Buddhism throughout the world.

33. India is birthplace of many religions like Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism. Hinduism has come out from Sanatan Dharma .Many sects ,Vaishnavism,Shaivism,Lingayat, Shaktism , Ajiwakism etc. amalgamated and standard Hinduism emerged in Gupta period. There are 4 Vedas that is Rigveda, Yajurveda, Atharvaveda and Samveda. Rigveda is the oldest Veda and also oldest book of the world. It was composed in 1500 BC . Rigveda consists of 1028 religious hymns and 10 Mandals. It basically deals with prayers and personification of natural powers as Gods . Rigveda believes in Monotheism. The chief Rigvedic Gods are Indra (No. 1 Rigvedic God , War God , Nearly 250 hymns dedicated to him in Rigveda. Indra is called Purandhar that is breaker of Fort ), Agni (Kitchen God and intermediary between Human beings and Gods), Varun ( Controller of natural forces , Water God, Most fearful God ),Som (God of plants ).  Yajurveda deals in Sacrificial Rituals. Atharvaveda deals with charms,spells, medicine. Samveda deals with music. There are 108 Upanishads (They deal in Brahminical Philosophy), 18 purans (They deal in historical chronicles), 2 great Mahakavyas that is Mahabharat (Compiled by Lord Vyasa , Also called Jay Samhita , nearly 1 lakh shlokas , divided into 18 parva  ), and Ramayan (Written by Valmiki ). Gita deals with core philosophy of Hinduism , part of Mahabharat , sermon of Lord Krishna to Arjuna , deals with importance of Karma , gives message of Monotheism. Gita was also compiled by Lord Vyasa . Ramcharit Manas was written by Tulsidas during the time of Mughal Emperor Akbar in 16th century. There are  7 kands in Ramcharit Manas . It is most popular epic of Hinduism .

Buddhism was founded by Lord Buddha ( Childhood name Siddarth , Son of Lord Suddodhana who was ruler of Kapilvastu and Mahamaya . He was brought up by his foster mother Mahaprajapati Goutami ). Lord Buddha was born in Lumbini (Nepal), got enlightenment in Bodhgaya, Bihar  under a peepal tree on the bank of Niranjana river. Lord Buddha gave his first sermon in Sarnath (UP , India). Lord Buddha died in Kushinagar (UP, India).The religious book of Buddhism is Tripitaka(Suttapitak containing  preachings of Lord Buddha was compiled by Annand ; Vinaypitak containing rules of Discipline for Buddhist Monks was compiled by Upali; Abhidhamma Pitak was compiled by Mogali Putti Tissa contains Philosophy of Buddhism).

Jainism was founded by Rishavdeva also called Adinath and regarded as First Tirthankar of Jainism.Although real founder of Jainism was 23rd Tirthankar , Parsvanath . Lord Mahavira was 24th and last Tirthankar of Jainism. The religious book of Jainism is poorvas & Agams. Lord Mahavira was son of Siddarth and Trishla. He was born in kundagram, Vaishali, Bihar. He got enlightenment in Jrimbhik village , Vaishali, under a shal tree on the bank of Rijupalika river.

Sikhism was founded by Guru Nanak born in Talwandi , Pakistan. Guru Nanak was first Guru of Sikhs and his teachings was compiled as Guru Granth Sahib by fifth Sikh Guru Arjundeva. The last and 10th Guru was Guru Govind Singh who was born in Patna , Bihar. He created Khalsa (Military brotherhood of Sikhs ). He gave the Sikhs 5 K that is Kesh, Kripan, Kaccha, kangha and kara . 

34. Boundary line between India and China is Called Macmohan line. Boundary between India and Pakistan is called Redcliffe line. Boundary between Afghanistan and Pakistan is called Durand line.

35. The islands of Andaman and Nicobar are separated by Ten Degrees Channel.

36. The Great Channel lies between Little Andaman and South Andaman.

37. India and Sri Lanka are separated by narrow channels of sea known as the Palk Strait and Gulf of Mannar.

38. Maldives and India's Lakshdweep Group of Islands (Southern Island Minicoy)are separated by Eight degree channel.

39. The first Prime minister of India was Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru. The first President of India was Dr Rajendra Prasad. The first vice President of India was Dr S Radhakrishnan who also became 2nd President of India. The first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister was Sardar Patel. The first Education Minister was Moulana Abul Kalam Azad.

40. Our present Prime Minister is Narendra Modi who has become PM for 3rd time in a row . Only Jawaharlal Nehru could become PM for 3 times in a row prior to Narendra Modi. Our Present President is Droupdi Murmu, first tribal president of India and 2nd Female President. Our Present Vice President is Jagdeep Dhankar. Our Present Home Minister is Amit Shah. Our Present Defence Minister is Rajnath Singh. Our Present External Affairs Minister is S Jayshankar. Our present National Security Advisor is Ajeet Doval.

41. India ranks 4th in Army , 4th in Airforce and 6th in Navy in the world. India is a nuclear Power (6th). India is a great Missile power and 4th country in the world having Hypersonic Missile Capabilities. India is a great Space Power; first country to reach Mars in it's first attempt; first country to launch more than 100 satellites in one time; first country to reach South pole of Moon ; Country having Anti Satellite Technology, Country having reached L orbit of the Sun and so on. 

42. India is Pharmacy Capital of the world. India is also IT hub of the world. India is at 2nd position in Mobile manufacturing and 3rd in Automobile manufacturing.

43. India is the largest producer of Milk, Pulses and Jute in the world. India is 2nd largest producer of Rice, Wheat, Sugarcane, Vegetables, Fruits, Cotton etc in the world.

44. India is number one producer of Mica in the world and also has large reserves of Iron and Coal.

Dear students next part I will produce later on.Hope this helps you.

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