Must for every General competitions aspirant (Updated on 24th April 2020 by NM Mishra)
1. Brahma Samaj was founded in 1828 by Raja Ram Mohan Roy. Due to his efforts Sati pratha was abolished during the period of Governor general Lord William Bentick in 1829. Raja Ram Mohan Roy is considered greatest Indian of 19th century.Raja Ram Mohan Roy was a great champion of Monotheism,women education, equality of all mankind and a great linguist. He knew Greek,Latin,Arabic, Hebrew, Persian,Bengali, Sanskrit, English and other languages. He was a great social reformer and champion of western education.He is called Father of Indian Renaissance, Morning Star of India . He published Brahaminical Magazine in English,Miratul Akhbar in Persian and Samvad Kaumudi in Bengali. He founded Atmiya Sabha . He was given title of Raja by Mughal Emperor Akbar 2 . He wrote Precepts of Jesus and A Gift to Monotheists. He supported property rights for women and their right to remarry. Rajaram Mohan Roy was given title of A Luminous Star in firmament of Indian History by Rabindra Nath Tagore.
2. Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar was a great Sanskrit Scholar . Due to his efforts Hindu Widow Remarriage Act was passed in 1855 during the period of Governor general Lord Dalhousie.
3. Arya Samaj was founded by Swamy Dayanand Saraswati in 1875. His Satyarth prakash is considered Bible for followers of Arya Samaj. His followers established many schools,colleges,Ashrams,Hospitals.
DAV(Dayanand Anglo Vedic ) Schools are their great contributions. Swamy Dayanand Saraswati started Shuddhi Movement to bring back converted Hindus to Hinduism again. He gave slogan of Return back to Vedas . He gave idea of Swadeshi.He opposed Idol worship and advocated Simplicity of Hinduism. He fought against discrimination of lower castes and gave them equal treatment in Arya Samaj. He stood for the cause of emancipation of women and advocated education for them . He blended education of Vedic period to modern Western (English) education. He believed in Monotheism.
4. Prathana Samaj was founded in 1867 by Atma Ram Pandurang.
5. Ramkrishna mission was founded by Swamy Vivekananda (Disciple of Ram Krishna Paramhansa ,Priest of Dakshineswar Kali, Kolkata) in 1896- 1897 at Belur , Kolkata. In 1893 he brilliantly delivered a lecture on Hinduism in Parliament of Religions held in Chicago,USA. Ramkrishna Mission runs many Schools, Hospitals, Ashrams .
6. Satya Sodhak Samaj was founded by Jyoti Ba Phule. He fought against exploitation of Lower Castes . He wrote a book named Gulamgiri.His wife Savitri Bai Phule started first Kanya School(Girls School) in South India.
7.E.V Ramaswamy Naicker established Self Respect Movement. He fought against exploitation of Lower Castes.
8. BR Ambedkar established All India Depressed classes Society. He was born in Mahar Caste in Madhya Pradesh. He is called architect of Indian Constitution. He fought life long for political & Social rights of Untouhables & Lower Castes.
9. Sir Syed Ahmad Khan founded Anglo Mohammedan Oriental College (Later called Aligarh Muslim University).
10. Gopal Krishna Gokhale founded Servants of India Society in 1905 . He is called political father of Mahatma Gandhi. He was a congress leader in Moderate period.
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