महत्वपूर्ण बिंदु प्रतियोगिता परीक्षाओं हेतु |Important Points for upcoming exams| SSC CUET NDA CDS UPSC Railways DSSSB CTET BEd etc.
1. Harappa was excavated in 1921 by Dayaram Sahni and Mohenjodro in 1922 by RD Banerji.
2. Rigveda is the oldest book of the world which gives us information about Aryans . It has 10 Mandals & 1028 hymns. Rigvedic Period is considered from 1500 BC to 1000 BC.
3. Lord Buddha was born in Lumbini,Nepal; got enlightenment in Bodhgaya under a peepal tree on the bank of Niranjana river in Bihar; gave his first sermon in Sarnath,UP ; died in Kushinagar,UP.
4. The founder of Mauryan dynasty was Chandragupta Maurya. His Guru and prime minister was Chanakya also known as Kautilya and Vishnugupta. Kautilya wrote Arthasashtra, a book on Mauryan Polity and Administration. The capital of Mauryan dynasty was Pataliputra in Bihar. Megasthenese was Indo Greek ambassador sent by Selucos,Indo Greek King to the court of Chandragupta Maurya. Megasthenese wrote Indica which is lost now and which dealt in Mauryan Administration.
5. Kanishka was a Kushan ruler whose capital was Purushpur now known as Peshawar. He promoted Hinyan Buddhism to Central Asia. 4th Buddhist Council was held in Kashmir during his period which was presided by Vashumitra.
6. Indo Greeks were first rulers who issued Gold coins. Gold coins issued by Indo Greek and Kushan rulers were of Purest forms.
7. Gupta Dynasty is called Golden period of Ancient India due to development in Sanskrit Literature, Art , Architecture, Sculpture, Painting, Science and technology, Medicine, Astrology. Standard form of Hinduism emerged during Gupta Period. Ramayana, Mahabharat,Purans, Law Books(Smritis)etc. were mostly compiled during Gupta Period. Temple construction started during Gupta Period. Paintings of Ajanta and Ellora are mostly of Gupta Period. Samudragupta is called Napoleon of India. Conquests of Samudragupta is available on Allahabad inscription written by Harishen,court poet of Samudragupta. Kalidas was court poet of Chandragupta 2nd (Vikramaditya). Faihan, Chinese traveller came during the period of Chandragupta 2nd. Mehrauli Iron Pillor is associated with Gupta Period. Kumargupta founded Nalanda University. Gupta ruler issued largest number of Gold coins but in purity they were inferior to Post Mauryan period (Indo Greeks,Kushans,Shakas etc). The largest number of Copper coins were issued in Post Mauryan period. So historians claim that economically Post Mauryan period (200BC to 200AD) was stronger than Gupta Period (3rd century to 6th century). Trade and Commerce declined in Gupta Period in comparison to Post Mauryan period.
8. Harshabardhana was a ruler of Pushyabhati dynasty whose capital was firstly Thaneshwar and later on Kannauj. Huen Tsang , Chinese traveller came during the period of Harshavardhan who studied and gave description about Nalanda University and period of Harshavardhan. Banabhatta was in court of Harshabardhana and wrote Harshacharit and Kadambiri. Harshabardhana was defeated by Chalukyan king Pulakeshin 2nd on the bank of Narmada river which is mentioned in Aihole inscription.
9. The last Mauryan ruler was Brihadrath who was killed by his commander Pushyamitra Shunga who established Shunga dynasty (First Brahman Dynasty)with capital in Pataliputra. The last Shunga ruler was Devbhuti who was killed by Basudev Kanva and he established Kanva dynasty with capital in Pataliputra. The last Kanva dynasty was Susharma who was killed by Simuk and he established Satvahan dynasty with capital in Prathisthan.
10. Raja Raja First built Brihdeshwar temple in Tanjore, a marvel of Dravidian Style of Architecture having Gopurams, Mandaps, Vimans and Garbhagriha. His son Rajendra Chola built Gangaikonda Cholapuram. Capital of Cholas was in Tanjore,Tamilnadu.
11. Rastrakuta Dynasty was founded by Dantidurga and his capital was Manyakheta (Malkhed, Karnataka). Rashtakuta king Krishna 2nd built Kailash temple of Ellora, a monolithic rock cut architecture.
To be continued ---------
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