# Important points of General Science, must for General Competitions (Written by NM Mishra on the behalf of Brilliant Academy of Learning Pvt Ltd on 4th April 2025)#
1. Nitrous oxide is called Laughing Gas .
2. Ethylene is used in ripening of fruits.
3. Acetylene is used in welding.
4. LPG(Liquified petroleum Gas) is mixture of ethane,butane and Propane. Although it mainly consists of normal butane and Iso butane.
5. Dry Ice is solid carbon dioxide.
6. Electric coil is made of Nichrome(Ni,Cr,Fe ).
7. Filament of Electric Bulb is made of Tungsten.
8. Argon gas is filled in Electric Bulb.
9. Gobar gas consists of Methane.
10. Diamond is the hardest element and purest allotrope of carbon. Diamond is the hardest substance. It is not a metal. It is a non metal.
11. Lithium is the lightest metal.
12. Osmium is the heaviest metal.
13. Platinum is the hardest metal.
14. Gold is the most ductile metal followed by Platinum,Silver and Copper.
15. The metal which is the best conductor of Electricity is Silver followed by Copper.
16. The most reactive metal is cesium (Cs) followed by pottasium (K) and Sodium (Na). These are Alkali metals.
17. The least reactive metal is Gold(Au) followed by Silver (Ag) and Platinum (Pt) These are called Noble metals.
18. The only non metal which is liquid at room temperature is Bromine (Br).
19. The non metal which is good conductor of Electricity is Graphite(C) which is allotrope of Carbon.
20. The Non Metals which exist as solid at room temperature are Carbon (C) , Phosphorus (P), Sulfer (S), Selenium (Se) , and Iodine (I)
21. The non metals which are gases at room temperature are Hydrogen (H), Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O) and Noble gases/Inert Gases /( Helium - He, Neon - Ne, Argon -Ar etc.)
22. Zinc Phosphide is used for killing Rats.
23. Wood Furniture are coated with Zinc Chloride to prevent Termites.
24. Excess of copper in human beings cause Wilson disease.
25. Galvanized iron is coated with Zinc.
26.In Fireworks crimson red colour is due to Strontium (Sr) and Green colour is due to Barium.
27. Silver Chloride is used in Photochromatic glass.
28. Silver Iodide is used in Artificial Rain.
29. Silver Nitrate is used as ink on nails during Election.
30. Silver utensil is not used in serving Eggs because it forms black silver sulphide.
31. Tetra Ethyl Lead is used as anti knocking compound in vehicles.
32. Fuse wire is made of Lead and Tin.
33. Barium Sulfate is used as barium meal in X Ray of Stomach.
34. Mercury is only liquid metal.
35. Gold and Silver are the most malleable among Metals.
36. Anemia is caused due to deficiency of Iron.
37. Excess of Iron causes Siderosis.
38. Bantu tribes of Africa suffer from Siderosis because they drink beer in Iron utensils.
39. Nonmetals are bad conductor of heat and Electricity except Graphite.
40. Silicon (Si) and Germanium (Ge) are Semiconductor.
41. Temporary hardness of water is due to presence of Bicarbonate of Calcium and Magnesium. Temporary Hardness can be removed by boiling and by Clark's Method.
42. Permanent Hardness of Water is due to presence of Chlorides and Sulphates of Calcium and Magnesium. Permanent Hardness can be removed by Soda Ash (Na2co3) .
43. Age of Fossils is determined by radioactive carbon 14 method.
44. To decrease the basicity of soil, Gypsum is used.
45. Red Phosphorus is used in Match Industry.
46. Urea was the first organic compound synthesised in Laboratory.
47. Ferric chloride is used to stop bleeding.
48. Cesium is used in solar cells.
49. For Artificial respiration, mixture of oxygen and helium is used.
50. Hydrogen peroxide is used for Oil Painting.
51. Sodium is kept in kerosene oil.
52. Fluorine is the most Oxidising agent.
53. Radon is the heaviest gas.
54. Polonium has the maximum number of isotopes.
55. Platinum is called White Gold.
56 . Lightest element and lightest gas is Hydrogen.
57.Ammonium chloride is used to electroplate utensils.
58.Milk is an Emulsion.
59.To harden Gold , Copper is mixed.Pure Gold is 24 carrat.
60. Iron Pyrite (FeS2) is called Fool's Gold.
61. An acid is sour in taste, turns blue litmus paper into red , contains replaceable Hydrogen, gives hydrogen ion (H+) in aqueous solution, can donate proton and accept electron.
62. A Base is bitter in taste, turns red litmus paper into blue ,gives hydroxyl ions (OH - )in aqueous solution, can accept proton and can donate electrons.
63. Vinegar contains Acetic Acid; Grapes contain Tartaric Acid ; Sour Milk contains Lactic Acid ; Citrus Fruits like lemon,oranges contain Citric Acid ; Apples contain Maleic acid ; Tomato contains Oxalic Acid.
64.HCl present in gastric juice is responsible for digestion.
65. Oxalic acid is used to remove rust spot .
66. Pain after bite of Red Ants , Bees is due to Formic Acid.
67. Boric Acid is used as Antiseptic. It is constituent of Eye Wash. It is also used to prevent from Cockroach.
68. Uric Acid is present in urine of Mammals.
69. After working hard we feel pain due to formation of Lactic Acid.
70. Sulphuric Acid is used in Lead Storage Battery.
71.Sodium Benzoate is used as Food preservatives.
72.Blood doesn't clot within the body due to presence of Heparin. Blood Clots when there is cut outside the body due to presence of Vitamin K.
73. Nitric Acid is used in purification of Gold and Silver.
74. Acid rain is due to reaction of Sulpher dio Oxide, Nitrogen Oxide with water in atmosphere forming Sulphuric Acid and Nitric Acid which come down with precipitation.
75. Oxides and Hydroxides of Metals are bases.
76. Water soluble bases are called Alkalies e.g NaOH ,KOH etc.
77. PH of Human Blood is 7.4.
78. Sodium chloride(NaCl )is common salt. It is used in manufacturing HCl.
79. Sodium Carbonate (Na2co3) is Washing Soda. It is used in manufacturing of Glass.
80. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is lime stone. It is used in building construction, cement industries and extraction of Metals.
81. Calcium Phosphate is used as Fertilizer.
82. Calcium Sulphate - For moulds and statue (Plaster of Paris - 2 Ca SO4.H2O)
In the cement industries (Gypsum - CaSO4.2H2O)
83. Bleaching Powder (CaOClCl)- It is used as a bleaching agent and as a disinfectant.
84. Potash Alum -K2Al2(SO4)3.24H2O It is used in purification of water ; in the dyeing industry; as Antiseptic after Shave
85. Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) - It is used as baking powder.
86. The colour of skin is mainly dependent on pigment Melanin.
87. The colour of Tomato is red due to presence of Pigment Lycopene.
88. In shaving Concave Mirror is used.
89. In headlights of Cars Concave Mirror is used.
90. The speed of Sound in Air is 332 metres per second .
91. The speed of light is 300000000 metres per second.
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